Alloy family
The materials for fast-flowing seawater, hydrofluoric acid and caustic service.
Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy, and it is unmatched in two areas.
The first is fast-flowing seawater. Stainless steels pit in stagnant seawater; Monel gives long service in high-velocity lines — pump casings, valves, seawater piping, marine hardware.
The second is hydrofluoric acid, where it is the industry standard and has almost no alternative.
Being non-magnetic and non-sparking, it is also chosen for specialised applications.
Monel K-500 is the same alloy with aluminium and titanium added for precipitation hardening, roughly tripling its strength. Pump shafts, valve stems, wellhead equipment, subsea fasteners.
Nickel 200 and 201 are commercially pure nickel. Their main use is caustic soda production and handling; in hot, concentrated caustic, pure nickel is barely affected. 201 is the low-carbon version, used above 300 °C where higher carbon would cause embrittlement.
Where it stops. Monel is weak in oxidising environments. It is not used in nitric acid, concentrated sulphuric acid or lines containing ferric chloride. In seawater it can also pit in stagnant or contaminated water — continuous flow is an important assumption.
| Grade | W.Nr | UNS | Commonly requested standards |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monel 400 | 2.4360 | N04400 | ASTM B127 (sheet), B164 (bar), B165 (tube) |
| Monel K-500 | 2.4375 | N05500 | ASTM B865, QQ-N-286 |
| Nickel 200 | 2.4066 | N02200 | ASTM B162, B160, B161 |
| Nickel 201 | 2.4068 | N02201 | ASTM B162, B160, B161 |
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